![]() ![]() ![]() The short right adrenal vein drains directly into the inferior vena cava. Blood flow proceeds from the subcapsular region toward the central (medullary) portal vein. The blood supply to the adrenal consists of numerous arteries that usually arise from the aorta, the inferior phrenic arteries, and the renal arteries. In the zona reticularis, the cells are arranged in alveolar patterns, with vascular sinuses. The clear cells of the zona fasciculata gradually blend with the more lipid-poor cells of the zona reticularis. Most of the adrenal cortex is composed of the zona fasciculata, which is characterized by clear, large, lipid-rich cells arranged in parallel cords, with long columnar vascular sinuses interposed. The subcapsular zona glomerulosa consists of discontinuous clusters of relatively small, lipid-poor, compact cells. The adult cortex is divided into three histologic zones: zona glomerulosa, zone fasciculata, and zona reticularis. ![]() The cortex accounts for 80% and the medulla 20% of the weight of the adult gland. The increase in size at autopsy has been attributed to the stress of antecedent illness. In autopsy series, the average weight is 6 g. After sudden death, the average weight of the adrenal in healthy persons is 4 g. They are surrounded by a capsule and are located at the upper pole of the kidneys. Normal adrenal glands are paired, pyramidally shaped, yellow-brown convoluted organs surrounded by fat. ![]()
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